Claviro

Core Networking

ARP, DNS, Routing, Switching

ARP, DNS, Routing, Switching

Trace local and internet packet delivery using ARP, DNS resolution, switch learning, and routing tables.

Intermediate Level

Understand end-to-end packet movement from name resolution to local delivery and routing hops.

Click the numbered markers on each diagram to explore the concept step by step.

Why This Matters

Most connectivity problems are resolved by understanding this exact packet path.

Confusion Busters

Common confusion: ARP and DNS are same

Fix: DNS resolves name-to-IP; ARP resolves local IP-to-MAC.

Common confusion: Switch does routing

Fix: Standard switch is L2; router handles inter-network path.

MAC, ARP, Switching

  • ▸ARP maps IP to MAC for local frame delivery.
  • ▸Switches learn source MAC and forward based on table entries.

ARP + Switch MAC Learning

Host A

192.168.1.10

── ARP Bcast ──><── ARP Reply ──
Switch

MAC Table

→
Host B

192.168.1.20

DNS and Routing

  • ▸DNS resolves domain to IP before application session starts.
  • ▸Routers forward packets by route table and next-hop decisions.

DNS Resolution + Routed Path

Browser
→
DNS Cache?
Root → TLD → Nameserver
IP Returned
Router 1
→
Router 2
→
Server